Arhiva Ulcinj

Juan-Luis Caballero

Eliana Carrara

The article aims to show how two drawings of the Metropolitan Museum in New York, recently published and attributed to Giorgio Vasari, should be dated instead to the mid-sixties of the sixteenth century and should be interpreted as preparatory sketches for the fountain of the Apennine in the Villa Medicea di Castello, made by the painter and architect from Arezzo with the collaboration of Bartolomeo Ammannati, between 1563 and 1565.The essay also analyzes the important changes made by Vasari in the Giunti edition of The Lives to one of the introductory chapters (How Rustic Fountains are made with Stalactites and Incrustations from Water, and how Cockle Shells and Conglomerations of vitrified Stone are built into the Stucco), precisely as a result of the role played by the artist in the arrangement of the Medici gardens.

Neri, Eugenio Cozzolino, Daniela Giovannini

Tiziana Noce

Alessio Bocedi, Annalisa Noce, Giulia Marrone

Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) is expressed in some human tissues and is abundant in mammalian erythrocytes (here termed e-GST). This enzyme is able to detoxify the cell from endogenous and exogenous toxic compounds by using glutathione (GSH) or by acting as a ligandin. This review collects studies that propose GSTP1-1 as a useful biomarker in different fields of application. The most relevant studies are focused on GSTP1-1 as a biosensor to detect blood toxicity in patients affected by kidney diseases. In fact, this detoxifying enzyme is over-expressed in erythrocytes when unusual amounts of toxins are present in the body. Here we review articles concerning the level of GST in chronic kidney disease patients, in maintenance hemodialysis patients and to assess dialysis adequacy. GST is also over-expressed in autoimmune disease like scleroderma, and in kidney transplant patients and it may be used to check the efficiency of transplanted kidneys. The involvement of GSTP in the oxidative stress and in other human pathologies like cancer, liver and neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders is also reported. Promising applications of e-GST discussed in the present review are its use for monitoring human subjects living in polluted areas and mammals for veterinary purpose.

Luigi Bisio, Piero Giuntelli

Dopo avere brevemente illustrato i principali caratteri geologici, climatici e vegetazionali della Val Corsaglia, della Val Casotto e della Valle Mongia, gli autori propongono una sintesi delle ricerche carabidologiche condotte sino a oggi in quest’area. Viene presentato un catalogo topografico delle 159 specie di Carabidi (Cicindelinae incluse) segnalate in questo territorio, con note riguardanti l’ecologia e la corologia di quelle più interessanti. Infine, sono descritte le principali carabidocenosi osservate.

Nancy Val y Val Peres da Mota, Helena Ribeiro

Resumo Este artigo aborda a mobilidade de médicos pelo mundo a partir de levantamento bibliográfico em base de dados e identifica a escassez de informações referentes aos médicos brasileiros. O objetivo é analisar aspectos que determinam a emigração de médicos brasileiros para os EUA. A metodologia baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando as palavras-chave “brain drain”, “medical migration”, “physicians migration”, “data migration physicians”; identificação de artigos relacionados à emigração de médicos pelo mundo; elaboração e validação do questionário “Motivos de Emigração”; identificação de médicos que emigraram utilizando a técnica “bola de neve” ; envio do questionário por e-mail aos médicos que emigraram para os EUA; tabulação das respostas encaminhadas; realização de entrevistas por Skype com a finalidade de corroborar e exemplificar os resultados obtidos nos questionários. Inicialmente, os médicos escolhem emigrar por motivos pessoais (família, oportunidades profissionais e, em geral, facilidade do idioma); ao se estabelecerem nos EUA vivenciam uma nova forma de vida, o que os faz permanecer (melhores condições de trabalho, qualidade de vida, família e oportunidades em geral); as causas do não retorno ao Brasil passam a ter motivos externos (insegurança, cenários profissional, político e econômico). Conclui-se que existe um processo emigratório de médicos brasileiros para os EUA e, a princípio, a motivação de emigrar não é bem determinada; o salário não é citad

Piotr Łopuszański

Giuseppe Di Gregorio

Digital and representation: the second line and the forgotten castle of FiumedinisiThe Belvedere Castle of Fiumedinisi (ME) belongs to that historical heritage of Sicily characterized by abandoned and forgotten military architecture. Along the Ionian coast the defensive problem has been particularly felt over time, due to the proximity of the Turkish coast, the Middle East and the African one. The first defensive line was the coastal one, defined by principals placed on the sea in a strategic position for direct control of the coast. They were part of this group: the Maniace castle of Syracuse, that of Augusta, of Brucoli, of Catania, of Acicastello, the Tocco of Acireale, Schisò in the territory of Giardini, Capo Sant'Alessio, the Saracen Tower of Roccalumera, Capo Grosso in Ali , San Salvatore in Messina. Along the eastern side of the Peloritani mountains from Calatabiano to Messina, the island's defensive strategy also included a second line of fortifications, which controlled a more distant horizon from their position. These include the castle of Calatabiano, Taormina, Castelmola, Forza d’Agrò, Savoca, Fiumedinisi, Scaletta Zanclea, Santo Stefano di Briga, Matagrifone. Among them, the Belvedere castle of Fiumedinisi, at a critical distance from the village, so as to be in a state of neglect, among those listed is that which is in the worst conditions. In stark contrast to the dignity and history of the site and territory of Fiumedinisi, dating back to the Greek period. In

Massimo Belardinelli

La direzione didattica “San Filippo” di Città di Castello comprende 6 plessi di scuola dell’infanzia e 6 plessi di scuola primaria posti in due comuni dell’Alto Tevere Umbro. A partire dal 3 marzo 2020, a causa dell’emergenza sanitaria, ha riprogrammato le proprie attività didattiche in modalità a distanza che hanno permesso di mantenere la continuità didattica con il 95% degli alunni. In questi mesi di distanziamento sociale è aumentata inoltre l’interazione con le famiglie, e sono state sperimentate modalità di supporto agli alunni in difficoltà con attività di recupero a distanza.

Francesca Mugnai

Il progetto di Paolo Zermani per il restauro e la ricostruzione del Castello di Novara ridà forma unitaria ai frammenti dell’antica fabbrica secondo un criterio compositivo che contempera lettura filologica e ricostruzione analogica. Il lavoro di analisi e di lettura critica che guida il progetto è in grado di riattivare le relazioni fra le parti prima disarticolate mantenendo leggibili le stratificazioni costruttive.Paolo Zermani's project for the restoration and reconstruction of the Castello di Novara gives a unitary form once again to the fragments of the ancient building, following a compostitional criterion that reconciles philological interpretation and analogical reconstruction. The work of analysis and of critical interpretation that guides the project reactivates the relationships between parts which had been disarticulated prior to that, while maintaining the constructive stratifications readable.

Elisa Tartaglino

The archaeological landscape of Nucetto’s Castle (Piedmont, Italy): a possible conservationEach fortified architecture has its own specificities thanks to which defend the territory, it is usually part of garrison systems and has always been a protagonist of the events of the place where it was built. Through this reading can be interpreted the ruins of the Castle of Nucetto (CN, Italy), which insist on the land of Alta Valle Tanaro –mostly located on the south-east portion of Cuneo’s territory and in a little part of Savona’s one– as real landmark visible from the historical road axis of the valley. The castle’s ruins became part of the consolidated image of the landscape thanks to the union they generated with the context giving rise to a recognizable landscape. The castle is part of a wider defensive system intimately linked to the history of the Marquisate of Ceva. Despite the still uncertain reliability of the documents available, the original structure can be dated at the eleventh century. The presence of bands of hanging arches that run along some elevated of the structure allow to hypothesize and recognize a first foundational nucleus while some traces of frescoes rise to appreciable particularities during the visit. The tower, whose base is in brick, but the top part is curiously in stone, is today the best preserved. The paper aims to analyze the fortification –made with different materials– to understand the extent of the historical stratifications found in the pre

Tiziana De Gennaro, Davide De Leo

The restoration of Massafra’ Castle (TA)Massafra Castle’s restoration project aims to preserve and enhance the monument, redeeming it from the current state of partial abandonment, with the scope to return it to the community. First, an in-depth study of an historical research was carried out together with the analysis of the monument’ superficial and structural degradation to identify the adequate remedies. It was clear that “restoring only the stones” would have not been efficient and therefore finding a new purpose was necessary and essential. Finding a new scope for those kinds of architectures is a matter of great interest, because more than any other type of monuments, those are completely out of their historical context that gave them political, military and economic reason to be built. Therefore, following a sociological investigation, it emerged that the best solution would be create a connection between Massafra and cinematography: there are many cultural organizations in this area and most of them need more dedicated space. Massafra has already been chosen several times as a movie set by famous authors: Il Vangelo secondo Matteo by Pier Paolo Pasolini, Il Paese delle spose infelici by Pippo Mezzapesa and Amiche da morire by Giorgia Farina. This is how the MOVIE (Massafra Omni Vision between Innovation and Cultural Heritage) idea was born, a 360° cinema setting which is unique at a national level and that it would become part of larger cinematographic circuit alread

Phillip James Tabb

Matteo Bigongiari, Federico Cioli

Digital survey and analysis of the lusignan wing of Kyrenia CastleThe paper illustrates the documentation and analysis methods of a wing of the Kyrenia castle in Cyprus. The laser-scanner and photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SfM) survey campaigns took place during the international workshop “Reading and designing the Kyrenia Castle” held in May 2018 in Girne, involving the Girne American University (Cyprus) and the University of Florence. The survey required a more in-depth analysis of the environments around the courtyard, in particular those located on the eastern front, which host numerous archaeological finds, including the Kyrenia shipwreck, dating back to the fourth century BC. The analysis was based on the drawings (plans, elevations and sections) served as support for diagnostic and material investigations aimed at highlighting the state of superficial conservation and structures and their historical stratigraphy.

Lia Maria Papa, Pierpaolo D'Agostino

Stefano Cecamore

The castle of Morrea. Evolution and destiny of fortified structures in Central ItalyThe shape that today characterizes the fortified building of the castle of Morrea is only the last of the various stratifications that have modified the original layout thorughout the centuries. The current aspect of the building is most likely linked to the interventions promoted by the Piccolomini family between the twentieth and twenty-first century. The building represents the evolution from castrum to aristocratic residence that involves the various fortified structures placed along the Apennine ridge between the eastern and western front of Central Italy. In this area the various degrees of transformations of the castles, which are periodically updated for reasons due to oxidation and representative natures, are clearly readable. The artifacts analyseable represent a wide range of samples of fortifications of the most ancient form of specialized buildings which were often largely left in the state of ruins, including that of buildings yet still functional, however, far from their consistency and original purpose. The overall panorama of this architectural heritage outlines a complex scenario consisting of problems related to the conservation and maintenance where restoration projects need to find and be in the proper position of restoration and respect of the bond between the building environment, the landscape and the identities of the territory.

Manfred Strauß

Bianca Guiso, Maria Vittoria Tappari

Castello dei Conti di Biandrate: surveys on the surviving structureBiandrate is a northern Italian village in the province of Novara that lies in the Po plain between the Sesia and Ticino rivers. Border area disputed between Vercelli and Novara, since the early Middle Ages it represented an important crossing point because there were the fords of the Sesia river nearby, on the road axis joining Novara and Ivrea. Its importance grew in the tenth century, when the Pieve was erected, today disappeared, dedicated to Santa Maria and, in 1029, the Counts of Pombia family settled in the Biandrate castrum. In 1168 the castrum was destroyed by the armies of Milan, allied with Novara and Vercelli, that in 1194 carved up the territory. In the second half of the thirteenth century the village of Biandrate was divided into the Borgo Vecchio, vercellese, to the west, and the Borgo Nuovo, novarese, to the east. They developed around the canonica of S. Colombano, the hospital and the ruins of the Count’s castrum. The castrum, almost totally destroyed, continued to represent an area with particular rights: in fact the Statues established that the Podestà could pronounce sentences only “in castro veteri Blanderati”. Nowadays the collegiata of S. Colombano stands on the Biandrate castrum ruins; the collegiata was mentioned for the first time in 1146, but was altered various times over the centuries. In particular, portions of the ancient wall are visible in the lower part of the west wall of th

Renate Müller-Buck

Alessandra Ponzetta

The castle of Tutino (Le): a case study on knowledge of the Apulian heritageThis study aims to investigate the relationship between a castle located in the Apulian region (Southeastern Italy) and its historical and territorial background. The subject of the research deals with a multi-layered monumental complex located in the lower Salento, in the territory of the town of Tricase, which includes five castles. This currently presents itself as an irregularly shaped fence marked by five towers, whose original structure dates back to at least the fifteenth century. In particular, on one side of the castle a baronial palace was built by the Trani family in the eighties of the sixteenth century. As far as it concerns the history of the entire complex it should be noticed that it has undergone various enlargements and modifications due to changes of its property and use. This process is both documented at the archival-bibliographic level, and experienced by the analysis of the masonry stratigraphy, thanks to which it has been possible to identify the various stages of the historical-constructive development of the castle. In conclusion, the analysis carried out intends to clarify how the historical dynamics occurred in the region of Apulia influenced the final stage of the castle of Tutino; to this end it will be considered the evolution of constructive techniques and perspectives belonging to the local tradition, in order to demonstrate the impact on the features of this castle.

Caterina Palestini, Carlos Cacciavillani

Multidisciplinary integrations: history, survey and representations of the castle of Palmariggi in Terra d’OtrantoThe contribution integrates historical readings, conducted through archive documents and iconographic materials, with surveys and graphical analyzes carried out through direct knowledge of Palmariggi’s historic center in Salento. The imposing Aragonese castle of which today only the two cylindrical towers remain, joined together by a stretch of perimeter masonry, initially presented a quadrangular plan with four corner towers, of which three are cylindrical and one is square and was surrounded by an existing moat, until the middle of the twentieth century, with a wooden drawbridge on the eastern side. The fortress was part of a strategic defensive system, designed to protect the village and the productive Otranto’s land with which it was related. The fortified Palmeriggi’s center represented an important defensive bulwark placed within the network of routes and agricultural activities that led from the hinterland to the port of Otranto, where flourishing trade took place. The research examines the changes undergone by the defensive structure that has had several adaptations made initially in relation to changing military requirements, resulting from the use of firearms, the upgrades that were supposed to curb the repeated looting and the military reprisals against the inhabited coastal and inland centers of Salento peninsula, and later social that led to the expan

Annalisa Noce, Nicola Di Daniele

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MARIO GNACCOLINI

A deltaic—lagoonal depositional system has been identified in the Triassic of the Bergamasc Alps (Lombardy, northern Italy). The following sedimentary environments have been distinguished:
 A) subaerial delta Plain (reddish sandstones and siltstones organized in fining—upward sequences); B) Iower delta Plain / delta front / proximal prodelta (greenish sandstones and siltstones, locally organized in fining—upward sequences) ;
 BI) near—shore lagoonal areas situated far from the "entry—points" of the sands (alternating dark grey limestones — often oolitic grainstones and dark grey mudrocks, with some greenish sandstones and grey hybrid arenites
 C) distal prodelta (alternating dark grey mudrocks, dark grey limestones and greenish sandstones); D) central part of the lagoon (dark grey limestones and marls; locally dark grey mudrocks).