Arhiva Ulcinj

Lulgjuraj, Anton

Dinosha and Lopari are small villages in region of Malësia, 5 km. east from capital Podgorica. There are found traces of prehistoric fortification on the top hill called Gjyteza and nearby in the low land of village Dinosha are located 7 earth tumulus alongside river Cem (Cijevna mne.). By technique of the walls we can assume that this fortification belongs to Bronze Age. Something with tumulus in Dinosha. They vary from Bronze Age to Hellenistic period. This two location communicate visually with each other and they are part Adriatic Bronze Age culture.Keywords:  Prehistoric fortification, prehistoric graveyard, Bronze Age, Seasonal migrations, Tumulus, Hellenistic pottery

Ljarja, Nertila Haxhia

Prend Doci was born on 7th February 1846 in the Bulger village of Lezha. He was one of the first students in the Papnuer Seminar in Shkoder which began on the 2nd of August 1859 and after a short while, in 1861 he was sent to Rome at the Urban Propoganda College. Upon completion of his theological studies in 1871 he returned to Albania where he became a local priest in Korthpule (one of the poorest church in Mirdita). He then went on to become Chaplain for Archbishop Gasper Krasniqi and Abbot for She Lleshari in Orosh. In 1876-1877 he became a priest in Kalivare where he organized and influenced events during these years

12011 BEN 1openopenBenvenuti, F.Benvenuti, F

Demiri, Naile

Në këtë studim do të trajtohet tema “Masakra e Tivarit në letërsinë shqipe“. Letërsia shqipe pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore është zhvilluar jashtëzakonisht shumë, krahasuar me letërsitë e popujve të tjerë, e veçantish është zhvilluar gjatë viteve 1970-ta të shekullit të kaluar, kur në qarkun letrar të shkrimtarëve të rijnë të Universitetit të Prishtinës filloi depërtimi i mendimit kritik, përkatësisht të shkruarit ndryshe nga ajo që ishte pasqyruar deri atëherë në letërsi. Padyshim se ky reflektim i ri, plural, fillon me shkrimet e dr. Ibrahim Rugovës, që më pas do të rrugëtoj pa kthim gjatë dekadës së fundit të mileniumit të dytë, konkretisht pas shembjes së diktaturës komuniste në Shqipëri dhe formimit të shtetit të ri të Kosovës. Letërsia shqipe, ndonëse bazën e vet e ka në Shqipëri, mentor të saj në vazhdimësi e ka pasur mërgatën shqiptare, kryesisht të shtrirë në Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës, që në vazhdimësi i kanë caktuar kahet dhe mënyrat e të pasqyruarit të jetës shoqërore në përgjithësi. Me gjithë këtë shtrirje dhe monitorim nga mentori mergatorian, letërsia shqipe pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore dominohej kryesisht nga stili i realizmit socialist, stil ky që në thelbin e dialektikës estetike është zhvilluar me shumë kontraste kontroverse, por gjithnjë duke penguar apriori shpërthimin e fuqisë së të menduarit dhe kufizimin e kësaj fuqie brenda një realiteti të dhunshëm. Masakra, përkatësisht tragjedia apo ploja që ndodhi me shqiptarë të Kosovës e të Maqedonisë në Tivar

Capuni, Ilir, Dervishaj, Ervin

The most natural question of reliable computation, in every computation model and noise model,is whether given a certain level of noise, a machine of that model exists that canperform arbitrarily complex computations under noise of that level. This question has positive answers for circuits, cellular automata, and recently for Turing machines. Here, we raise the question of the existence of a random access machine that---with some moderate slowdown --- can simulate any other random access machine even if the simulator is subjected to constant size bursts of faults separated by a certain minimum number of steps from each other. We will analyze and spell out the problems and difficulties that need to be addressed in such construction

Vinca Kafexholli, Teuta

Në punimin e zgjeruar përqëndrohemi te fjala e autorit, Mitrush Kuteli (Dhimitër Pasko) titulluar “Parafjalë ose bisedime me katër fëmijët e mi dhe me vetveten rreth këtij libërthi”. Qëllimisht përqëndrohemi te kjo parathënie që ka vlerën e një studimi shkencor edhe me përmasa eseistike. Është me rëndësi të veçantë se kjo punë e Kutelit nuk ka qenë e botuar deri tash në asnjë nga veprat e M. Kutelit. Autorja Atalanta Pasko (e bija e autorit) këtë çështje e sqaron në fusnotën përkatëse: “Botohet sipas daktiloshkrimit”, për çka flitet në punimin e zgjeruar. Për studiuesit dhe adhudiuesit që janë marrë e mirren me Mitrush Kutelin, ky shkrim mjaft vëllimor, shërben për plotësimin e dijes rreth Mitrush Kutelit. Në punimin tim bëhet fjalë për aspekte të ndryshme, me një theksim të veçantë në atë pedagogjik, eseistik, folklorik, historik etj., ku Kuteli zbërthen të djeshmen, të sotmen dhe të ardhmen duke shpjeguar kohën si në diakroni ashtu edhe në sinkroni. Në këtë parafjalë Kuteli shfaq vlerat, prandaj konsiderohet një traktat i vërtetë studimor për çka flasim në punimin tonë. Përveç vlerave të tjera të theksuara në punim, është edhe përshtatja në gjuhë letrare me sintaksë, leksik, stil që i paraprin gjuhës standarde të vitit 1972, pra Kongresit të Drejtshkrimit. Kështu, letrarishtja e tij është vazhdim i denjë i letrarishtes dhe stilit të F. Konicës, E. Çabejit, F. Nolit etj

Doumerc, Bernard

International audienceCertains peuples sont condamnés par les aléas de conjoncture à migrer vers des cieux plus accueillants. L'exemple des Albanais à la fin du moyen-âge est caractéristique. La république de Venise utilise à profit la mobilité et la rusticité de ces clans pour renforcer ses positions dans les Balkan

Savić, Danilo

This paper explores the relation between the names of three Palaeo-Balkan tribes and their previously proposed cognates in Albanian: Taulantii to Alb. dallëndyshe ‘swallow’, Delmatae to Alb. delme ‘sheep’, and Dardani to Alb. dardhë ‘pear’. In various ancient sources, these tribes and their territories are labelled as “Illyrian”, but the linguistic and ethnographic scope of this term is obscure. Furthermore, only the first pair is unproblematic from the standpoint of regular Albanian sound change: Alb. dallënd- may continue an earlier Taulant-. On the other hand, the etymology of delme does not necessarily apply to Delmate. Finally, dardhë and Dardani are not related.Les noms de trois tribus des Balkans anciens ont été comparés avec des formes possiblement apparentées en albanais : Taulantii avec alb. dallëndyshe ‘hirondelle’, Delmatae avec alb. delme ‘brebis’, Dardani avec alb. dardhë ‘poire’. Plusieurs sources anciennes intègrent ces tribus et leurs territoires au complexe « illyrien », mais l’apport linguistique de ce terme est obscur. Par ailleurs, seulement la première paire n’est pas problématique en ce qui concerne les développements phonologiques en albanais et en illyrien : on peut dériver alb. dallënd- de Taulant- sans grande réserve. La comparaison directe entre Delmatae et delme est indémontrable, car elle impose plusieurs spéculations. Pourtant, il reste possible que les deux formes remontent à la même racine. De l’autre côté, dardhë et Dardani ne

Dedvukaj, Lindon, Ndoci, Rexhina

In previous literature and linguistics analysis, the Northwestern Gheg Albanian dialect is classified as one zone that encompasses the area of northwestern Albania and southwestern Montenegro (B. Demiraj 1997: 40, Gjinari 1989: 54-8, Mëniku 2008: vii., Shkurtaj 2016: 26). The area is assumed to form a single subdialect; however, evidence from various levels of linguistic analysis discussed in this paper challenges this assumption. The area of Malsia Madhe in northwestern Albania and southwestern Montenegro exhibits different phonological, syntactic, and lexical patterns than the area of Shkodër. The southernmost point of this Gheg subdialect is Lezhë, which also has its own set of distinct idiosyncratic differences. This analysis provides an overview of the main differences between the areas of Malsia Madhe, Shkodër, and Lezhë, all typically grouped in the northwestern Gheg subdialect. This includes an evaluation of phonological, grammatical, semantic, and lexical differences between the three main areas of northwestern Gheg. Finally, it also offers a diachronic view of how this subdialect contributes to and challenges the history of the Albanian language’s development from Proto-Albanian and Proto-Indo-European

Arjeta Troshani

In this paper are analyzed problems related to job creation as a major prioritythroughout the Western Balkans. In the paper is stressed out the idea thateven in countries with fairly strong economic growth during the last years(e.g., Albania, Serbia), labor market performance has been sluggish. In theother countries where growth has been slower, outcomes are even worse. It isalso analyzed the contribution of emigration to sustainable growth as an employmentalternative and with regard to the enlargement of Eu with new member states after 2004.There are varying migratory patterns and motivation across the Balkanregion, also making it impossible to generalise. One theory, known as the "migration hump", suggests that, as economic development proceeds, ratherthan reducing migratory outflows it will actually stimulate them. However,some analysts contend that, in the case of Albania and Turkey, it would, inthe medium term bring them out of the "migration band" and reduce massemigration. For other Balkan countries, on the other hand, it might increaseemigration pressures: "aid in place of migration" is not a serious option formuch of the Balkan region, despite the imperative of the area's economicdevelopment.In the third part of the paper are explored women labor market potential througheconomic analysis of some areas in Shkodra region taken in case. In a reportof the World Bank of 2000 in Albania the informal economy occupied 33.4%of GDP, and according to the claim of Labour Inspect

Xhelo Çomo, E.

Drançolli, Jahja

Albanian continuity in the areal of Kosova, a scientific problem, which, due to the reasons of daily policy, has extremely become exploited (harnessed) until the present days. The politicisation of the ancient history of Kosova begins with the Eastern Crisis, a time when the programmes of Great-Serb aggression for the Balkans started being drafted. These programmes, inspired by the extra-scientific history dressed in myths, legends and folk songs, expressed the Serb aspirations to look for their cradle in Kosova, Vojvodina. Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina and Montenegro. Such programmes, based on the instrumentalized history, have always been strongly supported by the political circles on the occasion of great historical changes, that have overwhelmed the Balkans

Schütz, István

Bilalli, Astrit, Bozdoğan, Hakan, Geci, Donard

In this paper, we report the first records of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) from Republic of Kosovo as well as new records from Albania, Greece, Montenegro and the Republic of North Macedonia. So far, the species is reported from 25 localities in Kosovo (first record in 2013) and 13 localities all over Montenegro. H. axyridis was found at different habitats and elevations, from sea level up to 1700 m above sea level, frequently being associated with seven coccinellid species. Our results clearly indicate that the harlequin ladybird is well established all over South-eastern Europe. Future studies should focus on its potential impact on native ladybird fauna. © 2022, Croatian Natural History Museum. All rights reserved

Bilalli, Astrit, Bozdoğan, Hakan, Geci, Donard

In this paper, we report the first records of the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) from Republic of Kosovo as well as new records from Albania, Greece, Montenegro and the Republic of North Macedonia. So far, the species is reported from 25 localities in Kosovo (first record in 2013) and 13 localities all over Montenegro. H. axyridis was found at different habitats and elevations, from sea level up to 1700 m above sea level, frequently being associated with seven coccinellid species. Our results clearly indicate that the harlequin ladybird is well established all over South-eastern Europe. Future studies should focus on its potential impact on native ladybird fauna

Bumci, Aldo

Ljarja, Nertila Haxhia

Prend Doci was born on 7th February 1846 in the Bulger village of Lezha. He was one of the first students in the Papnuer Seminar in Shkoder which began on the 2nd of August 1859 and after a short while, in 1861 he was sent to Rome at the Urban Propoganda College. Upon completion of his theological studies in 1871 he returned to Albania where he became a local priest in Korthpule (one of the poorest church in Mirdita). He then went on to become Chaplain for Archbishop Gasper Krasniqi and Abbot for She Lleshari in Orosh. In 1876-1877 he became a priest in Kalivare where he organized and influenced events during these years

Dymi, Amilda, Ragaru, Nadège

The Albanian-American community in the United States became visible at the time of the NATO intervention in Kosovo in the Spring of 1999. The US government had promised to shelter 20,000 Kosovars expelled from their homeland by Serb-dominated Yugoslav forces (Michael Kranish and Mary Leonard, 1999). As refugees hit American soil, stories of family reunion and community solidarity were told in the local and national press. True, there had been earlier rallies in Washington organized by Albanian-American organizations that had hinted at the wish, on the part of the Albanian immigrants, to weigh upon US foreign policy towards the Balkans. Yet the by the end of the 1990s 200,000 to 400,000 Albanians remained little known to the average American public2. As the Kosovo events receded into the background, the upsurge of interest faded away. To this day, the literature on the geographic location, social belonging, internal differentiation and identity-bulding of the Albanian-American community remains scanty. In particular, no academic research has addressed the dynamics of this new diaspora beyond occasional journalistic coverage of crime and gang-related issues in the New York area (...)

Vurmo, Gjergji

Bozo, Luljeta

Albania is a country with strong earthquakes. There are observed some disastrous earthquakes in the cities of Durres, Vlora and Shkodra. Recently in the city of Durres are built many high – rise buildings in the low or bad soil-conditions. In this paper, we would like to present our experience in the calculation and constructions of foundations in this area with high seismic

Lorenzo Álvarez, Elena de

Este estudio se aproxima al epistolario de G. M. de Jovellanos desde diversos ámbitos: establece las principales series de correspondencia en función de corresponsales, procedencia de la documentación, temática y período, y constata y explica los silencios; muestra la decisión consciente de conservar la correspondencia y la preocupación por su confidencialidad; repara en el carácter apócrifo de algunas cartas editadas y en la peculiar transmisión textual de las solo conocidas por borradores y extractos; analiza la correspondencia institucional, en la frontera del género epistolar; reconstruye series de reenvíos producidas en el ámbito académico y personal; estudia el posible contenido de algunas cartas perdidas; y aborda las reflexiones de Jovellanos sobre el estilo epistolar. En apéndice, se editan 24 de las cartas inéditas localizadas en archivos privados y en el Archivo Histórico de Asturias, la Biblioteca Ramón Pérez de Ayala (Oviedo), el Archivo Municipal del Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz), la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Teología de Cartuja de Granada y la Real Academia de la Histori

Pahumi, Nevila

This thesis examines the emergence of an Albanian identity in the face of the threatened absorption of the territory inhabited by Albanian speakers by the neighboring Slavic and Greek states.Honors (Bachelor's)History, Department ofUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55462/1/pahumi_history_honors_thesis_2007.pd

Ljarja, Nertila Haxhia

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the 1920s and 30s, precisely during a very important period of slow development but continuous trial of de-Ottomanization of the institutional structures of the Albanian government. Quite a difficult process due to a variety of reasons, all related to the inheritance left by the Ottoman empire in the country. The subject of this study will focus particularly on the commitment of the Albanian Catholic clergy in the system of relations between the Albanian government, specifically the Republic (1925-1928) and the Monarchy Zogu (1928-1939) and the Roman Catholic Church in Albania. Within this relationship analysis, which has already been studied, what makes this study particular is the optics analysis of some unpublished documents that were unknown to previous researchers of this matter

Stafa, Monika

The Albanian traditional historiography, to the extent it dealt with the question of rescuing the Jews in Albania, sustained an almost folk explication that everything happened owing to the Albanian traditional hospitality, faith and generosity. This view is also embedded in the studies of the foreigners. The Albanian virtue as a popular quality in front of a racial philosophical doctrine elaborated in an almost mathematical way, namely the Hitlerian doctrine of the “final solution”, does not suffice. During 1938 and 1939 the Italian diplomatic and consular service in Tirana, found it sufficient to just convey notifications to their center regarding the movement of the Jews in Albania without proposing any measures. Anagrama model 23, was a questionnaire of racist character applied in Italy for years. Despite being called “the filing-card of the foreigner”, actually it served to set the Jews separately, because all its columns were intended to conceal the fundamental question: “What is your race?” which contained two optional responses: “ariana” or “ebraica”. But in occupied Albania, certain laws tried to be adapted by the legislation of fascist Italy. Therefore, in conclusion we would say that it was fascist Italy which decided not to impose an anti-Semitic legislation on Albania, either the same with or similar to the one in force in Rome. Meanwhile, the Albanian government as a non independent subject on its part, could not react independently versus such an important ques

Tosic, Jelena

Petar Šimunović

Iako je Lika bogata predrimskim (japodskim) i prethrvatskim arheološkim nalazištima, pretpovijesnih toponima nije se mnogo sačuvalo (Anvendon, Arupion, Epidocij, Ausankalij, Pset) kao u prekovelebitskom, primorskom (liburnskom) dijelu današnje Like, ali je naslijeđeno poprilično imena iz romansko-hrvatske jezične simbioze (Lika, Bag, Supetar, Kosinj, Kvarte, Turan, Kaniža, Počitelj). Takva toponimija upućuje na diskontinuitet života u doba hrvatske doseobe, kad su se poromanjeni starinci povukli u gore i bavili se stočarstvom, a Hrvati zauzeli polja uz ponornice Liku, Gacku i Krbavu, na prostoru staroga kulturnog tla, koje su za doseobe Hrvati naselili i intenzivno obrađivali. U radu se istražuje toponomastička stratigrafija s posebnim osvrtom na jezično porijeklo ojkonima prethrvatske i hrvatske provenijencije. Po ličkim poljima mnoga su zemljišna imena motivirana svojstvima i izgledom prirodnog reljefa (čret, kal, resnik, mekota, drezga, plas, *plěšъ, gvozd) ili su nastala ljudskim, kulturnim utjecajem (gradina, crkvište, vas, selište, grad, gradščak, gradište, turan). U srednjovjekovnoj ličkoj toponimiji vrlo su zastupljeni etnički ojkonimi na -’ane: Rešane, Brodnjane, Breštane, Brušane, Jelšane, Pećane... Takvi ojkonimi pridruženi su uvijek naseljima, kao i ojkonimi od rodovskih, plemenskih te patronimnih ojkonima na -ići: Mogovići, Kukljići, Lagodušići... i na -ci: Novaci, Morinci, Dugopoljci, Glavaci. Mnogo je toponima koji odslikavaju posjedovne odnose: Raduč, Otež, Bu

Joldeska, Irina, Mecheski, Stevcho, Topuzoska, Slagjana

The purpose of this paper is to perceive the impact of insurance on economic growth in the Republic of Macedonia. Theoretically, it will be stated how economic growth is influenced through the insurance. Through tabular and graphic displays for the period from 2011 to 2016, sub-data on the number of policies sold, gross policed premium (total gross policed premium and separate gross policed premium for life and non-life insurance), degree of penetration, insurance density and Herfindahl index. Through those data, the impact of insurance on economic growth in Macedonia will be examined. The final observations will indicate whether the impact is at a satisfactory level and how economic growth would increase through the action of the insurance sector

Doane, A. N.

474. Trier, Stadtbibliothek MS. 40/1018 Biblical glossae collectae ("C"), "Absida" glossary, "'Abactus" glossary, etc. plus added marginal texts including glossaries, letter of Jerome, medical recipes and charms, Ps. Antonius Musa, "De herba vettonica liber;' etc. [Ker App. 35; Gneuss--] HISTORY: The main text, written in several 10c hands (late l0c/llc according to Bergmann and Stricker 2005: 4.1688), is a collection of biblical glossaries; to this has been added by several other 10c-12c hands in top margins various glossaries and sententiae and in the bottom medical information; the manuscript has 160 Germanic glosses, OHG of the middle Franconian dialect and some OE-derived words, as well as a charm in OS (f. 19v) and another in OHG (ff. 35v-37v) (see Bergmann 1966: 152-55). In the 15c the manuscript was owned by the Cistercian monastery of Himmerod in the diocese of Trier as shown by the 15c ex libris (f. lr/12-13 'Liber monachoru<m> s<an>c<t>e marie i<n> hym<m>erode ord<inis> cisterc<iensis> trevern<ensis> dyoc<ecis>'). The 15c Himmerod shelf mark was 'V iiij: written f.lr/9 in the same characters as the ex libris and more formally (about 1500) at the bottom (below the modern "Stadtbibliothek" stamp), all this written over and without regard to what was already written (or effaced) on the page. All the older Himmerod books available for inspection at the TrierS tadtbibliothek show the same type of shelfm ark, a letter

Konomi, Rezana

The position of women and its historical evolution has been extensively discussed, and perhaps in many cases, due to the absence of facts, analyzes and documents, there have been many speculations. This issue requires a more comprehensive analysis, taking into account many factors, such as the very low level of economic and social development, high levels of poverty, political instability, the fact that the issue of the Albanian identity and territorial integrity dominated the life of the country and its political movement, lack of a democratic culture, low level of education, lack of social emancipating movements, etc. This article just aims to realize an analysis probably, not exhaustive, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of Albanian women‟s position at different stages of socio-economic and cultural development.Keywords: canon, woman, statute, family, heritage, rights, blood feud

Shpuza, Ermal

Urban form in Shkodër is studied according to six stages during the period 1479-1913, which are reconstructed based on historical descriptions, maps, photographs, and the spatial interpretation of the Venetian cadastral registry in 1416. Like other Ottoman cities in the Balkans, the old quarters in Shkodër evolved by preserving the original medieval street network, while the new part of the city grew by expanding suburbs with dendritic street patterns and large plots along existing intercity arterial roads. The unique location of the city confined by hilly ranges and surrounded by three rivers and a lake produced a distinctive urban form due to the position of the external bazaar and the crisscrossing of arterial roads. The comparative space syntax analysis of the street network for each stage reveals a gradual transformation in the spatial structure of the city broken by two stark changes: during the early Ottoman period when the bazaar became distinctively more central in comparison to the living quarters, and after the opening of new boulevards during the late Ottoman period when the new urban center that emerged in the new city drew the spatial integration away from the historical bazaar